The Cretan Collection in the University of Pennsylvania Museum : Metal Objects from Gournia

by: Betancourt, Ph.P. Ferrence, S.C. Giumlia-Mair, A.

Price: 105,00 EURO

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 The Cretan Collection in the University of Pennsylvania Museum. Volume III. Metal Objects from Gournia

Philip P. Betancourt, Susan C. Ferrence, and Alessandra Giumlia-Mair

The University of Pennsylvania owns the largest collection of Minoan artifacts outside of Europe. The objects were acquired legally from the nation of Crete after it became independent from the Ottoman Empire and before its request was accepted to become a part of Greece, whose laws forbade such gifts to institutions that had sponsored archaeological expeditions. This third volume about the Cretan Collection in the Penn Museum presents the Minoan metal artifacts. They provide primary evidence for the early history of metallurgy in southeastern Europe during the second millennium B.C. This is a rich and varied assemblage of objects, with a large number of different classes. It is especially rich in items from the preliminary stages of metalwork (including oxhide ingot fragments, cut preliminary strips, and small cast strips used as early stages in the manufacture of artifacts). The study using modern techniques of examination-including scientific analyses-both documents the museum?s holdings and provides new information on Minoan metalworking. Two important metallurgical techniques are documented: eutectic bonding of silver-capped rivets on daggers and “casting on” repairs to an existing object, which has not been noted previously in Minoan metalwork. The assemblage is remarkable for the light its objects shed on the history of technology.

Hardback: 206pp., 11 tables in the text, 22 illustrations in the text, 19 figures, 22 plates.
(Prehistory Monographs 73, INSTAP Academic Press, 2023)

List of Tables in the Text................................................................................................ vii
List of Illustrations in the Text .........................................................................................ix
List of Figures............................................................................................................. xi
List of Plates............................................................................................................. xiii
Preface..................................................................................................................... xv
Acknowledgments..................................................................................................... xvii
List of Abbreviations................................................................................................... xix
PART I. INTRODUCTION AND SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS
1. Metal Objects Found by Harriet Boyd Hawes, Philip P. Betancourt and Susan C. Ferrence................ 3
2. Philadelphia?s Collection of Metal Objects from Gournia, Philip P. Betancourt and Susan C. Ferrence....9
3. Data from X-ray Fluorescence Analysis, Alessandra Giumlia-Mair, Philip P. Betancourt, and
Susan C. Ferrence ............................................................................................... 13
4. Data from Investigation of “Zinc-Rich” Copper-Based Artifacts with ESEM-EDS,
Moritz Jansen, Susan C. Ferrence, Alessandra Giumlia-Mair, and Philip P. Betancourt.............. 21
PART II. WORKSHOP ARTIFACTS
5. Copper Ingots, Philip P. Betancourt, Susan C. Ferrence, and Alessandra Giumlia-Mair.................. 27
6. Origin of the Oxhide Ingots, Noël H. Gale†
and Zofia Anna Stos-Gale ...................................... 31
7. Metallographic Analysis of Ingot Fragments, Moritz Jansen................................................... 35
8. Lead Ingot, Philip P. Betancourt, Susan C. Ferrence, and Alessandra Giumlia-Mair....................... 43
9. Other Workshop Material, Philip P. Betancourt, Susan C. Ferrence, and Alessandra Giumlia-Mair .... 47
PART III. FINISHED METAL ARTIFACTS
10. Finished Metal Artifacts, Philip P. Betancourt, Susan C. Ferrence, and Alessandra Giumlia-Mair..... 55
PART IV. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
11. Discussion of Alloying, Casting, Forming, and Finishing Practices, Philip P. Betancourt,
Susan C. Ferrence, and Alessandra Giumlia-Mair......................................................... 89
12. The Role of Metals in the Town of Gournia, Philip P. Betancourt and Susan C. Ferrence .............. 111
Appendix. Conservation of Gournia Metals, Caitlyn Mahony and Lynn Grant.............................. 117
References ............................................................................................................... 119
Concordance of Museum Accession and Catalog Numbers..................................................... 133
Index ..................................................................................................................... 135
Figures
Plates

List of Tables in the Text
Table 3.1. Analyses by XRF of metal objects from Gournia ................................................... 18
Table 4.1. Analyses by XRF of artifacts containing zinc........................................................ 22
Table 4.2. Semiquantitative ESEM-EDS results (in wt. %) of the chemical analyses on blank
strips (8, 9)........................................................................................ 23
Table 4.3. Semiquantitative ESEM-EDS results (in wt. %) of the chemical analyses on the chisel (33)... 23
Table 5.1. Percentages of selected trace elements in copper ingot fragments in the Philadelphia
collection................................................................................................... 29
Table 5.2. Percentages of trace elements in copper ingot fragments in the Philadelphia collection ..... 30
Table 6.1. Lead isotope compositions of the ingot fragments from Gournia ................................ 32
Table 6.2. Lead isotope analyses of copper slags from the Late Bronze Age copper smelting site
of Politiko-Phorades, Cyprus........................................................................... 33
Table 6.3. Instrumental neutron activation analyses (in ppm) of the ingot fragments from Gournia... 33
Table 11.1. Relative frequency of the types of objects containing more than 2% tin ...................... 102
Table 11.2. Categories of objects containing more than 2% tin............................................... 103

The Cretan Collection in the University of Pennsylvania Museum : Metal Objects from Gournia

by: Betancourt, Ph.P. Ferrence, S.C. Giumlia-Mair, A.

• ISBN-13: 9781931534383 / 978-1-931534-38-3
• ISBN-03: 1931534381 / 1-931534-38-1
• INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2023

Price: 105,00 EURO

1 copy in stock